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1.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) ; 70(5): 269-275, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37150439

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Brain ultrasound allows measuring the cerebral flow velocity, brain midline shift and optic nerve sheath diameter. Literature is scarce in determining the feasibility to perioperatively perform these measurements altogether and the cerebrovascular behavior in patients scheduled for elective craniotomy. METHODS: We assessed bilateral cerebral flow velocities, composite index, brain midline shift and optic nerve sheath diameter by cerebral ultrasound in patients scheduled for elective craniotomy before anesthetic induction, at extubation, and at 6 and 24 h after. The aim was to assess the feasibility of brain ultrasound in patients for elective craniotomy and to describe the changes in cerebral flow velocities, brain midline shift and optic nerve sheath diameter from baseline values at different times in the postoperative period. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were included, of these two were excluded from analysis due to an inadequate sonographic window. There were no changes throughout the study regarding cerebral flow velocity, brain midline shift nor optic nerve sheath diameter assessments. All parameters were maintained in the physiological range without significant variations during the procedure. No perioperative complications were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show the feasibility to perform a perioperative assessment of cerebral flow velocity, brain midline shift or optic nerve sheath diameter jointly and successfully to obtain additional information of baseline cerebral hemodynamics in patients scheduled for elective craniotomy and their postoperative changes during the first 24 h. Future studies with lager samples are needed to address the efficacy of cerebral ultrasound as a monitoring tool.


Assuntos
Encéfalo , Ultrassonografia Doppler Transcraniana , Humanos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Craniotomia , Nervo Óptico/diagnóstico por imagem
2.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 70(5): 269-275, May. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-219859

RESUMO

Introducción: La ecografía cerebral permite valorar las velocidades del flujo sanguíneo cerebral (VFSC), la desviación de la línea media (DLM) y el diámetro de la vaina del nervio óptico (DVNO). La literatura es escasa en determinar la viabilidad de realizar dichas medidas, de forma conjunta en el perioperatorio, en pacientes programados para craneotomía electiva. Métodos: Evaluamos las VFSC de forma bilateral con sus índices compuestos, la DLM y el DVNO por medio de ultrasonido cerebral en pacientes programados para craneotomía electiva antes de la inducción anestésica, en la extubación inmediata, a las seis y 24 horas posoperatorias. El objetivo fue evaluar la viabilidad del uso de la ecografía cerebral en pacientes sometidos a craneotomía electiva y describir los cambios de estas mediciones en diferentes momentos con respecto a los valores basales. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 16 pacientes en el estudio, de los cuales dos se excluyeron del análisis debido a una mala ventana ecográfica. No hubo cambios a lo largo del estudio con respecto a las VFSC, tampoco en la DLM o en el DVNO. Todos los parámetros se mantuvieron dentro de los rangos fisiológicos sin variaciones significativas durante el procedimiento. No hubo complicaciones perioperatorias. Conclusiones: Los resultados de nuestro trabajo muestran la factibilidad de realizar una valoración perioperatoria de las VFSC, DLM y DVNO de forma conjunta y exitosa para obtener información de la hemodinámica cerebral basal en pacientes programados para craneotomía electiva y valorar sus cambios durante las primeras 24 horas del posoperatorio. Son necesarios estudios con mayor número de pacientes para evaluar la eficacia del ultrasonido cerebral como herramienta de monitorización neurológica perioperatoria.(AU)


Background: Brain ultrasound allows measuring the cerebral flow velocity, brain midline shift and optic nerve sheath diameter. Literature is scarce in determining the feasibility to perioperatively perform these measurements altogether and the cerebrovascular behavior in patients scheduled for elective craniotomy. Methods: We assessed bilateral cerebral flow velocities, composite index, brain midline shift and optic nerve sheath diameter by cerebral ultrasound in patients scheduled for elective craniotomy before anesthetic induction, at extubation, and at 6 and 24 hours after. The aim was to assess the feasibility of brain ultrasound in patients for elective craniotomy and to describe the changes in cerebral flow velocities, brain midline shift and optic nerve sheath diameter from baseline values at different times in the postoperative period. Results: Sixteen patients were included, of these two were excluded from analysis due to an inadequate sonographic window. There were no changes throughout the study regarding cerebral flow velocity, brain midline shift nor optic nerve sheath diameter assessments. All parameters were maintained in the physiological range without significant variations during the procedure. No perioperative complications were detected. Conclusions: The results of our study show the feasibility to perform a perioperative assessment of cerebral flow velocity, brain midline shift or optic nerve sheath diameter jointly and successfully to obtain additional information of baseline cerebral hemodynamics in patients scheduled for elective craniotomy and their postoperative changes during the first 24 hours. Future studies with lager samples are needed to address the efficacy of cerebral ultrasound as a monitoring tool.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias do Nervo Óptico , Craniotomia , Ultrassonografia Doppler Transcraniana , Neurocirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Nervo Óptico
3.
Rev. ecuat. neurol ; 27(1): 80-89, sep.-dic. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004013

RESUMO

Resumen Antecedentes: El cerebro es un órgano que tiene una amplia perfusión sanguínea. Muchos factores como la hipoxia, la anestesia, el stress o la presencia de CO2, iones hidrogeno en sangre arterial pueden modificar el flujo sanguíneo y por ende la oxigenación cerebral. Objetivos: El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar la literatura disponible sobre la fisiología del flujo sanguíneo y la oxigenación tisular dentro del cerebro. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica dirigida a la identificación, recuperación y revisión bibliográfica de varios estudios independientes que sean claves dentro de la fisiología cerebral y que nos permitan entender mejor la perfusión y oxigenación cerebral. Conclusiones: El flujo sanguíneo cerebral es altamente dependiente de factores tanto internos como externos. Mantener una oxigenación cerebral adecuada es fundamental para garantizar el correcto funcionamiento del cerebro y mantener la homeostasis neuronal. El flujo sanguíneo del cerebro es en promedio de 45-50 ml 100g-1 min-1 y la presión parcial de oxígeno cerebral (PtO2) tiene un rango entre 20 a 30 mmHg en condiciones normales.


Abstract Background: The brain is an organ that has a broad blood perfusion. Many factors such as hypoxia, anaesthesia, stress or the presence of CO2 as well as hydrogen ions within arterial blood, modify cerebral blood flow and tisular perfusion. Objectives: The objective of this review is to analyse the available literature about cerebral blood flow and tisular oxygenation. Methods: A targeted literature review and specific search was carried out aimed at the identification, recovery and bibliographic review of several independent studies that are key in brain physiology and that allow us to better understand cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. Conclusions: Cerebral blood flow is highly dependent on both, internal and external factors. Maintaining adequate cerebral oxygenation is essential to ensure the proper functioning of the brain and maintain neuronal homeostasis. The cerebral blood flow of the brain is on average 45-50 ml/100g/min and the partial pressure of cerebral oxygen (PtO2) ranges between 20 to 30 mmHg under normal conditions.

4.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 33(7): 449-458, 2018 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27296497

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Since its description five decades ago, the pathophysiology of idiopathic chronic adult hydrocephalus (iCAH) has been traditionally related to the effect that ventricular dilatation exerts on the structures surrounding the ventricular system. However, altered cerebral blood flow, especially a reduction in the CSF turnover rate, are starting to be considered the main pathophysiological elements of this disease. DEVELOPMENT: Compression of the pyramidal tract, the frontostriatal and frontoreticular circuits, and the paraventricular fibres of the superior longitudinal fasciculus have all been reported in iCAH. At the level of the corpus callosum, gliosis replaces a number of commissural tracts. Cerebral blood flow is also altered, showing a periventricular watershed region limited by the subependymal arteries and the perforating branches of the major arteries of the anterior cerebral circulation. The CSF turnover rate is decreased by 75%, leading to the reduced clearance of neurotoxins and the interruption of neuroendocrine and paracrine signalling in the CSF. CONCLUSIONS: iCAH presents as a complex nosological entity, in which the effects of subcortical microangiopathy and reduced CSF turnover play a key role. According to its pathophysiology, it is simpler to think of iCAH more as a neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer disease or Binswanger disease than as the classical concept of hydrocephalus.


Assuntos
Hidrocefalia de Pressão Normal/fisiopatologia , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Pressão do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/fisiologia , Circulação Cerebrovascular/fisiologia , Doença Crônica , Humanos , Hidrocefalia de Pressão Normal/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Hidrocefalia de Pressão Normal/diagnóstico , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/diagnóstico
5.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 33(2): 112-120, 2018 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26385017

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer disease (AD) is the main cortical neurodegenerative disease. The incidence of this disease increases with age, causing significant medical, social and economic problems, especially in countries with ageing populations. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to highlight existing evidence of how vascular dysfunction may contribute to cognitive impairment in AD, as well as the therapeutic possibilities that might arise from this evidence. DEVELOPMENT: The vascular hypothesis emerged as an alternative to the amyloid cascade hypothesis as an explanation for the pathophysiology of AD. This hypothesis locates blood vessels as the origin for a variety of pathogenic pathways that lead to neuronal damage and dementia. Destruction of the organisation of the blood brain barrier, decreased cerebral blood flow, and the establishment of an inflammatory context would thus be responsible for any subsequent neuronal damage since these factors promote aggregation of ß-amyloid peptide in the brain. The link between neurodegeneration and vascular dysfunction pathways has provided new drug targets and therapeutic approaches that will add to the treatments for AD. CONCLUSIONS: It is difficult to determine whether the vascular component in AD is the cause or the effect of the disease, but there is no doubt that vascular pathology has an important relationship with AD. Vascular dysfunction is likely to act synergistically with neurodegenerative changes in a cycle that exacerbates the cognitive impairment found in AD.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Barreira Hematoencefálica/fisiologia , Circulação Cerebrovascular/fisiologia , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Humanos , Neurônios/metabolismo
6.
Rev. chil. ortop. traumatol ; 57(1): 26-33, ene.-abr.2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-795860

RESUMO

La cirugía artroscópica de hombro en posición de silla de playa es una cirugía frecuente y se asocia a buenos resultados. Causa preocupación el reporte de casos de isquemia cerebral asociados a morbimortalidad. Este artículo hace una revisión de la literatura referente a estos casos, realizando un análisis de los factores involucrados y de los cambios que ocurren al sentar a un paciente bajo el efecto de la anestesia general y/o regional. Es muy importante que el equipo quirúrgico comprenda las limitaciones de la técnica y concilie una buena exposición quirúrgica junto con el menor impacto hemodinámico. Actualmente se sugiere sentar a los pacientes con ángulos no mayores a 45°, evitar errores en la lectura de la presión arterial, que traduzcan un adecuado flujo sanguíneo cerebral. Cuando se mide oxigenación cerebral mediante NIRS (ScO2) las mayores caídas de los valores se asocian a anestesia general en ventilación mecánica con hiperventilación y en ángulos de posición de 80-90°. La anestesia regional se asocia a menores caídas de ScO2, pero requiere de un equipo con experiencia...


Shoulder arthroscopic surgery performed in the beach chair position is common and is associated with good results. The report of cases of cerebral ischaemia associated with morbidity and mortality is a cause for concern. This article presents a review of the literature concerning these cases, as well as an analysis of the factors involved and the changes that occur in patients when the beach chair position is used under general or regional anaesthesia. It is very important that the surgical team understands the limitations of the technique, and combines a good surgical exposure along with the least haemodynamic impact. Beach chair positions with angles not greater than 45°, are now suggested in order avoid errors in the blood pressure reading, which may lead to an adequate cerebral blood flow. When measuring cerebral oxygenation using NIRS (ScO2), the biggest drops in the values are associated with general anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation with hyperventilation and position angles of 80-90 degrees. Regional anaesthesia is associated with lower falls of ScO2, but requires an experienced team...


Assuntos
Humanos , Artroscopia/efeitos adversos , Artroscopia/métodos , Ombro/cirurgia , Isquemia Encefálica/prevenção & controle , Pressão Arterial , Anestésicos/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Hemodinâmica , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Consumo de Oxigênio , Posicionamento do Paciente , Postura , Fatores de Risco
7.
Lima; s.n; 2015. 51 p. tab, graf.
Tese em Espanhol | LIPECS | ID: biblio-1114035

RESUMO

La saturación venosa en el bulbo de la yugular brinda información útil sobre la relación flujo sanguíneo cerebral y consumo metabólico de oxígeno cerebral. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo mediante revisión de la historia clínica de los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente de clipaje de aneurisma cerebral desde octubre del 2014 a enero del 2015 con el objetivo de identificar una posible relación entre la presión arterial media y la saturación venosa en el bulbo de la yugular. La saturación venosa continua fue monitorizada en el bulbo de la yugular derecha con catéter de oximetría de fibra óptica en 24 pacientes con anestesia general para cirugía de clipaje de aneurisma cerebral, 10 pacientes tenían aneurisma cerebral roto y 14 no roto. Las modificaciones en la PAM fueron realizadas inicialmente con fluidoterapia y luego con infusión de noradrenalina. Se utilizó el programa SPSS 21.0 para el procesamiento de datos y se evaluó la asociación de las variables mediante la prueba t de Student y la prueba de correlación de Spearman. La SvyO2 mostró una PAM crítica de 80 a 110 mmHg (SvyO2 < 55 por ciento por debajo de dicho valor) identificado en 11 pacientes (7 con aneurisma roto y 4 no roto). Un aumento en la PAM fue asociado a un incremento en la SvyO2 en 21 pacientes (P<0.001), dicha asociación fue significativa incluso en 16 pacientes que tuvieron PaCO2 constante (P<0.002). Dos pacientes tuvieron un descenso en la SvyO2 mientras se elevaba la PAM, esto fue asociado a un descenso en los valores de PaCO2 y por lo tanto a una reducción en la vasodilatación cerebral. El monitoreo continuo de la SvyO2 es un instrumento de valor para el neuroanestesiólogo en la toma de decisiones diagnósticas y terapéuticas durante el manejo anestésico del paciente en cirugía de aneurisma cerebral, permite identificar una PAM mínima para evitar el riesgo de hipoperfusión cerebral. Los incrementos en la SvyO2 están asociados a los aumentos en la PAM cuando los valores...


The jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjO2) provides useful information about the relative cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic oxygen consumption. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of patients undergoing surgery for clipping of cerebral aneurysm from October 2014 to January 2015 in order to identify a possible relationship between mean arterial pressure (PAM) and jugular bulb oxygen saturation. Continuous venous saturation was monitored in the right jugular bulb with an fibreoptic oximetry catheter in 24 patients under general anesthesia for clipping of cerebral aneurysm, 10 following rupture and 14 unruptured. MAP was increased initially with fluids, if this was ineffective, norepinephrine was used, SPSS 21.0 software was used for data processing and association of the variables were analyzed using the t test and Spearman correlation test. The SjO2 showed a critical PAM of 80-110 mmHg (SjO2 was < 55 per cent below that value) identified in 11 patients (7 ruptured and 4 unruptured aneurysm). Increasing MAP was associated with an increment in SjO2 in 21 patients (P<0.001), this association was statistically significant even in 16 patients who had constant PaCO2 (P<0.002). Two patients had a decrease in SjO2 while MAP rising, this was associated with a decrease in PaCO2 and therefore due to a reduction in cerebral vasodilation. Continuous monitoring of SjO2 is a valuable tool for neuroanesthesiologist in making diagnostic and therapeutic decisions during anesthetic management of cerebral aneurysm clipping, it allows to identify a minimum MAP to avoid the risk of cerebral hypoperfusion. Increases in SjO2 are associated with increases in MAP when PaCO2 are constant.


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Anestesiologia , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional , Oximetria , Pressão Arterial , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Estudos Retrospectivos
8.
Rev. med. nucl. Alasbimn j ; 12(49)July 2010. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-580222

RESUMO

Objetivo: Estudiar el valor del SPECT cerebral en el diagnóstico y control evolutivo del compromiso del SNC en las enfermedades colágenovasculares (ECV) con sintomatología neuropsiquiátrica (SNP). Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron retrospectivamente 31 pacientes consecutivos portadores de ECV con SNP evaluados mediante SPECT cerebral con 99mTc-ECD y mapas estadísticos de superficie cortical. Veintiuno de ellos presentaban LES y 6 una enfermedad de Behçet. A 18 pacientes se efectuó además TC, a 8 RM y a 10 estudio neuropsicológico (ENP). Seis pacientes se realizaron SPECT de control. Resultados: Veintiocho pacientes presentaron SPECT patológico. La TC fue anormal en sólo 3/18 (sensibilidad 90,3 por ciento vs. 16,7 por ciento; p<0,001). La RM mostró alteraciones en 5/8 pacientes y el ENP en 7/10. Aunque todos estos pacientes presentaron SPECT patológico, los valores de sensibilidad no difirieron significativamente. Los pacientes con mayor SNP presentaron trastornos de perfusión más extensos (p<0,035). Los pacientes estudiados evolutivamente mostraron mejoría de los defectos con la respuesta al tratamiento y agravamiento con la reaparición de síntomas. Conclusiones: El SPECT cerebral presenta elevada sensibilidad en la detección del compromiso neuropsiquiátrico en las ECV. Su utilidad podría extenderse al control evolutivo y la evaluación de la respuesta terapéutica.


Objetive: To study the value of brain SPECT in the diagnosis and follow up of SNC involvement in systemic connective tissue diseases (SCTD) with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 31 consecutive patients with SCTD presenting with NPS who underwent 99mTc-ECD SPECT and statistical surface maps. 21 patients had systemic lupus erythematosus and 3 had Behçet disease. Results were compared to those of CT (18/31), MRI (8/31) and neuropsychological examination (NPE). 6 patients had follow-up SPECT scans. Results: Twenty-eight patients had abnormal SPECT studies. CT was abnormal in 3/18 patients (sensitivity 90.3 percent vs. 16.7 percent; p<0.001). MRI showed alterations in 5/8 patients and NPE in 7/10. Although all these patients presented abnormal SPECT scans, sensitivity values were not statistically different. Patients with major NPS presented more extensive perfusion defects (p<0.035). Patients with follow-up SPECT scans showed perfusion improvement with response to treatment and progression of the alterations when symptoms relapsed. Conclusion: Brain SPECT presents high sensitivity for the detection of neurological involvement in SCTD. SPECT usefulness may extend to follow-up and evaluation of response to treatment.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cérebro , Doenças do Tecido Conjuntivo , Doenças do Tecido Conjuntivo/complicações , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/métodos , Circulação Cerebrovascular , Compostos de Organotecnécio , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seguimentos , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Síndrome de Behçet , Síndrome de Behçet/complicações , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia
9.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 24(2)mayo-ago. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-506263

RESUMO

Se estudiaron 35 pacientes adultos con anemia drepanocítica. Se establecieron 2 grupos: grupo 1: 24 enfermos sin antecedentes de crisis del sistema nervioso central (15 hombres; 9 mujeres) y grupo 2: 11 casos con antecedentes de crisis (6 hombres; 5 mujeres). El promedio de edad fue de 31 años en el sexo masculino y de 29 años en el femenino. Todos los enfermos estaban en condiciones basales. El tiempo transcurrido entre la crisis y el estudio fue de 4,7 años. No hubo diferencia significativa en las cifras de hemoglobina y los reticulocitos entre ambos grupos. Se encontró aumento significativo de la velocidad sanguínea cerebral en todos los pacientes del grupo 1 y del grupo 2 (p < 0,05 y p < 0,001, respectivamente). En 13 pacientes del grupo 1 (54,1 por ciento) el flujo sanguíneo cerebral presentó modificación, mientras que en todos los pacientes del grupo 2 se encontró alterado. En 13 casos del grupo 1 (76,4 por ciento) el electroencefalograma fue normal y en el 87,5 por ciento de los enfermos del grupo 2 estaba alterado. En 4 pacientes del grupo 1 (23,5 por ciento) la actividad eléctrica cerebral presentó alguna modificación. En 19 individuos del grupo 1 (95 por ciento) la tomografía axial computarizada fue normal y en 3 casos del grupo 2 (37,5 por ciento) se observó alguna alteración.


35 adult patients with drepanocytic anemia were studied. They were divided into 2 groups: group 1 was composed of 24 patients without history of central nervous system crisis (15 males and 9 females), whereas group 2 included 11 cases with crisis history (6 males and 5 females). Average age was 31 years old for males and 29 for females. All the patients were under basal conditions. The time elapsed between the crisis and the study was 4.7 years. No significant differences were observed between the hemoglobin figures and the reticulocytes of both groups. A marked increase of the brain blood velocity was found in all the patients from group 1 and group 2 (p < 0.05 y p < 0.001, respectively). In 13 patients from group 1 (54.1 percent) the brain blood flow presented modifications, whereas it was altered in all patients from group 2. In 13 cases from group 1 (76.4 percent) the electroencephalogram was normal, but it was altered in 87.5 percent of the patients from group 2. In 4 patients from group 1 (23.5 percent), the brain electrical activity showed some modification. Computerized axial tomography was normal in 19 patients from group 1. Some alteration was detected in 3 cases from group 2 (37.5 percent).


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Anemia , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional , Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia
10.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 24(2)mayo-ago. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-37342

RESUMO

Se estudiaron 35 pacientes adultos con anemia drepanocítica. Se establecieron 2 grupos: grupo 1: 24 enfermos sin antecedentes de crisis del sistema nervioso central (15 hombres; 9 mujeres) y grupo 2: 11 casos con antecedentes de crisis (6 hombres; 5 mujeres). El promedio de edad fue de 31 años en el sexo masculino y de 29 años en el femenino. Todos los enfermos estaban en condiciones basales. El tiempo transcurrido entre la crisis y el estudio fue de 4,7 años. No hubo diferencia significativa en las cifras de hemoglobina y los reticulocitos entre ambos grupos. Se encontró aumento significativo de la velocidad sanguínea cerebral en todos los pacientes del grupo 1 y del grupo 2 (p < 0,05 y p < 0,001, respectivamente). En 13 pacientes del grupo 1 (54,1 por ciento) el flujo sanguíneo cerebral presentó modificación, mientras que en todos los pacientes del grupo 2 se encontró alterado. En 13 casos del grupo 1 (76,4 por ciento) el electroencefalograma fue normal y en el 87,5 por ciento de los enfermos del grupo 2 estaba alterado. En 4 pacientes del grupo 1 (23,5 por ciento) la actividad eléctrica cerebral presentó alguna modificación. En 19 individuos del grupo 1 (95 por ciento) la tomografía axial computarizada fue normal y en 3 casos del grupo 2 (37,5 por ciento) se observó alguna alteración(AU)


35 adult patients with drepanocytic anemia were studied. They were divided into 2 groups: group 1 was composed of 24 patients without history of central nervous system crisis (15 males and 9 females), whereas group 2 included 11 cases with crisis history (6 males and 5 females). Average age was 31 years old for males and 29 for females. All the patients were under basal conditions. The time elapsed between the crisis and the study was 4.7 years. No significant differences were observed between the hemoglobin figures and the reticulocytes of both groups. A marked increase of the brain blood velocity was found in all the patients from group 1 and group 2 (p < 0.05 y p < 0.001, respectively). In 13 patients from group 1 (54.1 percent) the brain blood flow presented modifications, whereas it was altered in all patients from group 2. In 13 cases from group 1 (76.4 percent) the electroencephalogram was normal, but it was altered in 87.5 percent of the patients from group 2. In 4 patients from group 1 (23.5 percent), the brain electrical activity showed some modification. Computerized axial tomography was normal in 19 patients from group 1. Some alteration was detected in 3 cases from group 2 (37.5 percent)(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Anemia , Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional
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